疫情防控 | 你需要知道的法律知识（中英双语）
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上海地区近期正处于疫情攻坚战的关键时刻。文章作者和涉外法律圈小编为大家整理好了疫情期间需要注意的法律问题，并精心翻译成英文。希望对有需要的人有所帮助。目前后台开放了公益的法律咨询微信群，今天已经收到非常多的法律咨询，如果有需要可以私信小编。文章的结尾有小编和作者的微信二维码。
Shanghai is at a critical moment in the battle against the epidemic. The author and the Foreign-related legal circle have compiled a list of legal issues to be aware of during the epidemic and translated them into English. I hope it helps someone in need. At present, the wechat group for legal consulting is ongoing. Today, we have received a lot of legal consulting. If necessary, you can send a private letter to the editor.At the end of the article, there are editor's and the author's wechat QR code.
疫情防控相关你需要知道的法律知识
Chapter XI Legal knowledge that you need to know about epidemic prevention and control
目录 catalog ：
● 防疫篇
Epidemic Prevention
● 造谣谣传法律责任篇
Punishment for Spreading Rumors
● 劳动篇
Labor-related Questions
● 租房篇
Renting-related Questions
● 哄抬物价的法律责任篇
Legal Responsibility for Price Gouging
● 合同履行“不可抗力”的理解适用篇
Understanding of "force Majeure"
● 应急征用的依据与程序篇
Emergency Requisition and Procedure
1
防疫篇
Epidemic Prevention
Q1：不配合核酸检测、伪造变造核酸检测报告的法律责任？
Q1：The legal responsibility of failing to cooperate with the nucleic acid testing, forging or changing the nucleic acid testing report?
A1：根据《传染病防治法》第十二条规定，在中华人民共和国领域内的一切单位和个人，必须接受疾病预防控制机构、医疗机构有关传染病的调查、检验、采集样本、隔离治疗等预防、控制措施，如实提供有关情况。
A1：According to Article 12 of the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, all units and individuals in the territory of the People's Republic of China must accept the prevention and control measures such as investigation, inspection, sample collection, isolation and treatment of infectious diseases by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and truthfully provide the relevant information.
《上海市公共卫生应急管理条例》第八十三条规定，单位或者个人违反本条例规定，不服从各级人民政府及其有关部门发布的决定、命令、通告或者不配合各项依法采取的措施，由有关主管部门责令改正，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚；导致公共卫生事件发生或者危害扩大，给他人人身、财产造成损害的，应当依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
According to Article 83 of the Regulations of Shanghai Public Health Emergency Management, the unit or individual disobeying the decisions, orders or notices issued by the people's governments at various levels and relevant departments shall be ordered by the competent authorities to make corrections, and the public security organ shall punish the public health events or harm and damage to others shall bear civil liability according to law; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.
第八十四条规定，违反本条例规定的行为，除依法追究相应法律责任外，有关部门还应当按照规定，将有关单位失信信息以及个人隐瞒病史、疫情高风险地区旅行史或者居住史，逃避隔离治疗、医学观察、健康观察等信息向本市公共信用信息平台归集，并依法采取惩戒措施。
Article 84, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, in addition to shall be investigated in accordance with the law, the relevant departments shall also, in accordance with the provisions, the relevant units dishonest information and personal history, high-risk areas travel or residence, escape isolation treatment, medical observation, health observation information to the city public credit information platform, and take disciplinary measures in accordance with the law.
Q2：有人为了出行应付检查，伪造、变造核酸检测报告，将承担什么法律责任？
Q2：What legal responsibility will someone bear for forging or altering nucleic acid inspection reports in order to travel?
A2：根据《治安管理处罚法》规定，伪造、变造或者买卖国家机关、人民团体、企业、事业单位或者其他组织的公文、证件、证明文件、印章的，处十日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处一千元以下罚款；情节较轻的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款。伪造、编造核酸检测报告的行为，将受到相应的治安管理处罚。
A2：Those who forge, alter or trade-in official documents, certificates, certificates, documents and seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions or other organizations shall be held for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days and may be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days and may be fined not more than 500 yuan.The act of forging or fabricating nucleic acid test reports will be subject to corresponding public security administration penalties.
如果因伪造、编造核酸检测报告行为，引起疫情传播或者有传播严重危险，可能构成妨害传染病防治罪；如果是已经确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者、病原携带者，伪造、编造核酸检测报告，并进入公共场所或者公共交通工具的，还可能构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。
In the case of the epidemic, it may constitute the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases; if confirmed COVID-19 patients, forge or fabricate nucleic acid test reports and enter public places or public transportation, it may also constitute the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means.
Q3：疫情防控期间，对正在履行职务或工作的国家机关工作人员、志愿者等人员实施威胁、辱骂、殴打、驾车冲撞等行为的如何处理？
Q3：During the epidemic prevention and control period, how to deal with threats, abuse, beating, driving and collision by state officials, volunteers and other personnel who are performing their duties or work?
A3：拒绝配合测量体温、出示核酸检测报告、扫描场所码等防疫工作，以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百七十七条规定的，以妨害公务罪定罪处罚。随意对其他防疫工作人员实施辱骂、威胁、殴打、驾车冲撞等行为，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百九十三条规定的，以寻衅滋事罪定罪处罚。实施妨害公务行为或寻衅滋事行为，造成他人轻伤以上的严重后果，同时构成故意伤害罪的，依照处罚较重的犯罪定罪处罚。
A3：Those who refuse to cooperate with temperature measurement, produce nucleic acid test reports, scanning site code, obstruct functionaries of state organs from performing their duties by violence or threat, and meet the provisions of Article 277 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China shall be convicted and punished for the crime of obstructing official duties. Those who abuse, threaten, beat or drive into other epidemic prevention workers at will and are in accordance with Article 293 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China shall be convicted and punished for the crime of picking quarrels and provoking trouble.Whoever commits an act of obstructing official duties or provoking quarrels, causing serious consequences above minor injuries to others and constituting the crime of intentional injury, shall be convicted and punished according to the crime with a heavier punishment.
Q4：疫情防控期间，针对侵犯医务人员人身安全、扰乱医疗机构医疗秩序的行为如何处理？
Q4：During the epidemic prevention and control period, how to deal with the acts that violate the personal safety of medical personnel and disturb the medical order of medical institutions?
A4：疫情防控期间，随意殴打、威胁、侮辱医务人员，无故干扰、阻止医务人员工作等扰乱医疗秩序的行为，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百四十六条第一款、第二百九十三条规定的，以侮辱罪或寻衅滋事罪定罪处罚。
A4：During the period of epidemic prevention and control, those who arbitrarily beat, threaten or insult medical personnel, disturb or prevent medical personnel work without reason and disrupt medical order, and conform to the provisions of Article 2, Article 246 and Article 293 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China shall be convicted and punished for the crime of insulting or provoking trouble.
故意伤害医务人员造成轻伤以上严重后果的，或者对医务人员实施殴打、撕扯防护装备、吐口水等行为，致使医务人员感染新冠病毒的，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百三十四条规定的，以故意伤害罪定罪处罚。
Those who intentionally injure medical personnel and cause minor injuries or above serious consequences, or beat or tear protective equipment or spit, causing medical personnel to infect novel coronavirus, and meet the provisions of Article 234 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, shall be convicted and punished for the crime of intentional injury.
2
造谣谣传法律责任篇
Punishment for Spreading Rumors
Q1、什么是网络造谣传谣？法律责任是什么？
Q1：What constitutes online rumor spreading?What is the legal liability?
A1：网络谣言：是指通过网络介质（例如微博、国外网站、网络论坛、社交网站、聊天软件等）而传播的谣言没有事实依据带有攻击性，目的性的话语。传谣则是传播、散布谣言内容。
A1：Network rumors：refers to rumors spread through online media (such as Weibo, foreign websites, online forums, social networking sites, chat software, etc.) without any factual basis.
1.对于造谣传谣侵犯他人合法权益的，应承担相应的民事责任。《民法典》明确民事主体的人格权受法律保护。编造、散播谣言或者对他人进行侮辱、诽谤，侵害他人名誉权、荣誉权、隐私权等人格权的行为，均需依法承担相应的民事责任。
1.Rumor spreading that infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of others shall bear corresponding civil liabilities. The Civil Code makes it clear that the personality rights of civil subjects are protected by law.Any fabricating or spreading rumors or insulting or defaming others or infringing upon their rights of reputation, honor and privacy shall bear corresponding civil liabilities according to law.
2.对于造谣传谣扰乱公共秩序的，应承担行政责任。根据《治安管理处罚法》的规定，散布谣言，谎报疫情的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款；情节较轻的，处五日以下拘留或者五百元以下罚款。
2.Those who spread rumors and disturb public order shall assume administrative responsibility.According to the Law on Penalties for Public Security Administration, those who spread rumors or falsely report the epidemic situation shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 500 yuan.
3.对于造谣传谣情节严重，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。对于编造虚假的疫情信息，在信息网络或者其他媒体上传播，或者明知是虚假疫情信息，故意在信息网络或者其他媒体上传播，严重扰乱社会秩序，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百九十一条之一第二款规定的，以编造、故意传播虚假信息罪定罪处罚。
3.Those who are serious and constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.To fabricate false epidemic information, spread on the information network or other media, or knowing is false epidemic information, deliberately spread on information network or other media, seriously disrupts social order, in conformity with the criminal law of the People's Republic of China of one of paragraph 2, to fabricate, intentionally spread false information crime conviction and punishment.
4.对于编造虚假信息，或者明知是编造的虚假信息，在信息网络上散布，或者组织、指使人员在信息网络上散布，起哄闹事，造成公共秩序严重混乱，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百九十三条第一款第四项规定的，以寻衅滋事罪定罪处罚。如果以非法占有为目的，利用虚假疫情信息骗取他人财物，符合《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百六十六条规定的，以诈骗罪定罪处罚。
4.To fabricate false information, or knowing is fabricated false information, spread on the information network, or organization, directed personnel spread on the information network, noisy, causing serious chaos in public order, conform to the criminal law of the People's Republic of China of article 293 paragraph 4, to stir-up-trouble crime conviction and punishment.Those who use false epidemic information to defraud others of property for the purpose of illegal possession and meet the provisions of Article 266 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China shall be convicted and punished for the crime of fraud.
Q2：编造或者故意传播虚假灾害信息的，面临怎样的刑事风险？
Q2：What kind of criminal risks are faced by those who fabricate or intentionally spread false disaster information?
A2：编造与突发传染病疫情等灾害有关的恐怖信息，或者明知是编造的此类恐怖信息而故意传播，严重扰乱社会秩序的，以编造、故意传播虚假恐怖信息罪定罪处罚：处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；造成严重后果的，处五年以上有期徒刑。
A2：Anyone who fabricates terrorist information related to sudden infectious diseases and other disasters, or intentionally spreads such terrorist information, seriously disturbing social order shall be convicted and punished for the crime of fabricating or intentionally spreading false terrorist information：sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if causing serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years.
Q3：在疫情防控的关键时刻，却总有一些人试图编造、散布各种引发焦虑、恐慌的谣言，扰乱社会公共秩序，需要承担哪些法律责任？
Q3： At the critical moment of epidemic prevention and control, there are always some people trying to fabricate and spread rumors that cause anxiety and panic and disrupt public order. What legal responsibilities should they bear?
A3：1.造谣传谣扰乱公共秩序的，应承担行政责任。根据《治安管理处罚法》的规定，散布谣言，谎报疫情的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款；情节较轻的，处五日以下拘留或者五百元以下罚款。
A3：1. Those who spread rumors and disturb public order shall bear administrative responsibility.According to the Law on Penalties for Public Security Administration, those who spread rumors or falsely report the epidemic situation shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 500 yuan.
2.造谣传谣情节严重，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。根据最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部印发的《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》（法发〔2020〕7号），造谣传谣情节严重的，可能构成以下犯罪：（1）编造、故意传播虚假信息罪。编造虚假的疫情信息，在信息网络或者其他媒体上传播，或者明知是虚假疫情信息，故意在信息网络或者其他媒体上传播，严重扰乱社会秩序的，以编造、故意传播虚假信息罪定罪处罚，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；造成严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。（2）寻衅滋事罪。编造虚假信息，或者明知是编造的虚假信息，在信息网络上散布，或者组织、指使人员在信息网络上散布，起哄闹事，造成公共秩序严重混乱的，以寻衅滋事罪定罪处罚，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；纠集他人多次实施该类行为，严重破坏社会秩序的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，可以并处罚金。
2. If the circumstances are serious and constitute a crime, it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.According to the opinions of the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Ministry of Justice (No.7,2020), serious rumors may constitute the following crimes：(1) the crime of fabricating and intentionally spreading false information.Whoever makes up false epidemic information, spreads it on information networks or other media, or knowingly spreads false epidemic information on information network or other media and seriously disturbs social order shall be convicted and punished for the crime of fabricating or intentionally spreading false information and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if serious consequences are caused, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.(2) Picking quarrels and provoking trouble.Whoever makes up false information, or knowingly spreads the false information, or organizes or orders personnel to spread it on the information network, causing serious disorder of public order shall be convicted and punished, and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance; those who gather others to commit such acts and seriously damage social order shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than 10 years and may also be fined.
3.造谣传谣侵犯他人合法权益的，应承担相应的民事责任。《民法典》明确民事主体的人格权受法律保护。编造、散播谣言或者对他人进行侮辱、诽谤，侵害他人名誉权、荣誉权、隐私权等人格权的行为，均需依法承担相应的民事责任。
3. If spreading rumors infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, they shall bear corresponding civil liabilities.The Civil Code makes it clear that the personality rights of civil subjects are protected by law.Any fabricating or spreading rumors or insulting or defaming others or infringing upon their rights of reputation, honor and privacy shall bear corresponding civil liabilities according to law.
3
劳动篇
Labor-related Questions
Q1：劳动者拒绝接受与传染病有关的预防控制措施，或故意传播病毒的，用人单位能否解除劳动合同？
Q1：If the laborer refuses to accept the prevention and control measures related to infectious diseases, or intentionally spreads the virus, whether the employer can terminate the labor contract?
A1：若劳动者因拒绝接受有关传染病的调查、检验、采集样本、隔离治疗等预防控制措施，构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪、妨害公务罪等刑事犯罪，并被依法追究刑事责任的，用人单位可依据《劳动合同法》第三十九条第六项“劳动者被依法追究刑事责任的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同”的规定，依法解除劳动合同，且不必支付经济补偿。同时，用人单位还应根据相关规定，对公安等部门的工作提供相应的配合、协助等。
A1：if the laborer refused to accept the investigation, inspection, samples, isolation treatment and other prevention and control measures, constitute a dangerous way to endanger public security, criminal crime, and shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law, unit of choosing and employ persons can according to the "labor contract law" article 396 "laborer shall be investigated for criminal responsibility, unit of choosing and employ persons can remove the labor contract", terminate the labor contract in accordance with the law, and do not have to pay economic compensation.At the same time, the employer should also provide relevant cooperation and assistance to the work of the public security and other departments.
Q2：劳动者被隔离或治疗期间，用人单位能否单方解除劳动合同，及劳动合同期满如何处理？
Q2：During the laborer's isolation or treatment period, can the employer unilaterally terminate the labor contract, and how to deal with the expiration of the labor contract?
A2：人力资源社会保障部办公厅于2020年1月24日发布了《人力资源和社会保障部办公厅关于妥善处理新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控期间劳动关系问题的通知》，《通知》载“对新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者、疑似病人、密切接触者在其隔离治疗期间或医学观察期间以及因政府实施隔离措施或采取其他紧急措施导致不能提供正常劳动的企业职工，企业应当支付职工在此期间的工作报酬，并不得依据劳动合同法第四十条、四十一条与职工解除劳动合同。在此期间，劳动合同到期的，分别顺延至职工医疗期期满、医学观察期期满、隔离期期满或者政府采取的紧急措施结束”。但是，因劳动者存在过错而依据劳动合同法相关规定予以解除劳动合同及劳动者单方解除劳动合同的情形除外。
A2：On January 24, 2020, the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Properly Handling Labor Relations during the Period of Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic, "For novel coronavirus pneumonia patients, suspected patients, close contacts and enterprise employees unable to provide normal labor during their quarantine treatment or medical observation, and due to government quarantine measures or other emergency measures, The enterprise shall pay the remuneration for its employees during the period, It shall not terminate the labor contract with the workers according to Article 40 and Article 41 of the Labor Contract Law.During this period, if the labor contract expires, it shall be extended to the expiration of the medical treatment period, the medical observation period, the quarantine period or the end of the emergency measures taken by the government respectively ".However, the circumstances where the labor contract is terminated according to the relevant provisions of the Labor Contract Law and the laborer unilaterally terminated the labor contract are excluded.
Q3：员工被隔离、医学观察期间，工资应该怎么发？
Q3：How should employees be paid when they are quarantined or under medical observation?
A3：按正常工作期间工资标准支付。
国家卫健委经国务院批准，将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎纳入《传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病，并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施。鉴于此，根据《传染病防治法》（以下简称《传染病防治法》）第四十一条第二款规定：在隔离期间，实施隔离措施的人民政府应当对被隔离人员提供生活保障；被隔离人员有工作单位的，所在单位不得停止支付其隔离期间的工作报酬。
A3：Pay according to the salary standard during the normal working period.
The National Health Commission, with the approval of The State Council, included novel coronavirus pneumonia into class B infectious diseases as stipulated in the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and took prevention and control measures for class A infectious diseases.In view of this, according to paragraph 2 of Article 41 of the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases), the people's government implementing the quarantine measures shall provide a living guarantee for the quarantined persons; and the quarantined persons shall not stop paying the remuneration during the quarantine period.
Q4：个人因病毒感染患病发生的救治费用，有无补助？
Q4：Is there any subsidy for the treatment cost of individuals due to virus infection?
A4：根据《关于新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控经费有关保障政策的通知（财社〔2020〕2号）》规定，对于确诊患者发生的医疗费用，在基本医保、大病保险、医疗救助等按规定支付后，个人负担部分由中央和地方财政给予补助。
A4：According to the Notice on Guarantee Policies for the Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (No.2,2020), the medical expenses incurred by the central and local governments after the basic medical insurance, serious disease insurance and medical assistance are paid according to the regulations.
Q5：封控期间，用人单位安排员工居家办公，员工能否拒绝？
Q5：During the sealing and control period, the employer arranges the employees to work at home. Can the employees refuse?
A5：一般不能拒绝。《关于做好全市新一轮核酸筛查工作的通告》第四条明确规定，封控区域内，所有企业实施封闭生产或居家办公，保障市民生活和城市基本运行的水、电、燃油、燃气、通讯、交通、环卫、粮油肉菜供应等公共服务类企业除外。据此，除保供类企业外的员工，应当服从用人单位的居家办公安排。
A5：Generally, you cannot refuse it.Article 4 of the Notice on Doing a New Round of Nucleic Acid Screening in the City clearly stipulates that all enterprises shall implement closed production or home office, except for public service enterprises such as water, electricity, fuel, gas, communication, transportation, sanitation, grain, oil, meat and vegetable supply that ensure public life and the basic operation of the city.
Accordingly, in addition to the guaranteed enterprises, the employees shall obey the home office arrangement of the employing unit.
Q6：封控期间，用人单位能否可以安排加班调休或带薪年休假？
Q6：During the containment period, can employers arrange overtime leave or paid annual leave?
A6：可以。因用人单位不具备居家办公条件或员工所在岗位无法实现居家办公时，用人单位可以优先安排员工使用其尚未使用完毕的加班调休、以及安排员工使用其法定带薪年休假或者各类福利假期。
A6：can.Because the employer does not have the conditions for home work or the employee's position can not achieve home work, the employer can preferentially arrange the employees to use the overtime rest that has not yet finished, and arrange the employees to use their statutory paid annual leave or various welfare holidays.
Q7：疫情期间，老板说可以居家办公，但是只发一半工资，这合理吗？
Q7：During the epidemic, the boss said that he could work from home, but only pay half the salary. Is that reasonable?
A7：《传染病防治法》第四十一条规定：在隔离期间，实施隔离措施的人民政府应当对被隔离人员提供生活保障；被隔离人员有工作单位的，所在单位不得停止支付其隔离期间的工作报酬。
A7：Article 41 of the Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases stipulates that during the quarantine period, the people's government implementing the quarantine measures shall provide living security for the quarantined personnel; if the quarantined personnel has a work unit, the unit shall not stop paying the work remuneration during the quarantine period.
Q8：对因隔离治疗、医学观察或者其他隔离管控措施，不能提供正常劳动的企业职工，工资如何支付？劳动合同到期如何处理？
Q8：How to pay the wages of enterprise employees who cannot provide normal work due to isolation treatment, medical observation or other quarantine control measures?How to deal with the labor contract expiration?
A8：根据人力资源社会保障部办公厅《关于妥善处理新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控期间劳动关系问题的通知》（人社厅明电〔2020〕5号），新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者、疑似病人、密切接触者在其隔离治疗期间或医学观察期间以及因政府实施隔离措施或采取其他紧急措施导致不能提供正常劳动的企业职工，企业应当支付职工在此期间的工作报酬，并不得依据《劳动合同法》第四十条、四十一条与职工解除劳动合同。在此期间，劳动合同到期的，分别顺延至职工医疗期期满、医学观察期期满、隔离期期满或者政府采取的紧急措施结束。
A8：according to the human resources and social security office on properly handle will be coronavirus pneumonia epidemic prevention and control notice (people club hall [2020, no. 5), will be coronavirus pneumonia patients, suspected patients, close contacts during the isolation treatment or medical observation and the government quarantine measures or other emergency measures cannot provide normal labor, enterprises shall pay workers during this period, and shall not according to the labor contract law article 40,41 and remove labor contract.During this period, if the labor contract expires, it shall be extended to the expiration of the medical treatment period, the medical observation period, the isolation period or the end of the emergency measures taken by the government.
Q9：居家办公期间工资如何支付？
Q9：How to pay the salary during working from home?
A9：根据人力资源社会保障部 中华全国总工会 中国企业联合会/中国企业家协会 中华全国工商业联合会《关于做好新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控期间稳定劳动关系支持企业复工复产的意见》（人社部发〔2020〕8号），对因受疫情影响职工不能按期到岗或企业不能开工生产的，要指导企业主动与职工沟通，有条件的企业可安排职工通过电话、网络等灵活的工作方式在家上班完成工作任务；对不具备远程办公条件的企业，与职工协商优先使用带薪年休假、企业自设福利假等各类假。要指导企业工会积极动员职工与企业同舟共济，在兼顾企业和劳动者双方合法权益的基础上，帮助企业尽可能减少受疫情影响带来的损失。
A9：According to the Opinions on Stable Labor Relations and Support of Enterprises during All-China Federation of Human Resources and Social Security (Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security No.8,2020), For employees who fail to arrive on schedule or enterprises cannot start production due to the epidemic, To guide enterprises to take the initiative to communicate with employees, Conditional enterprises can arrange employees to work through telephone, network and other flexible work at home to complete work tasks; For enterprises that do not have telecommuting conditions, Negotiate with employees priority to use paid annual leave, welfare leave and other kinds of leave.Trade unions of enterprises should be guided to actively mobilize employees to work together in times of trouble, and help enterprises minimize the losses caused by the epidemic on the basis of taking into account the legitimate rights and interests of both enterprises and workers.
在受疫情影响的延迟复工或未返岗期间，对用完各类休假仍不能提供正常劳动或其他不能提供正常劳动的职工，指导企业参照国家关于停工、停产期间工资支付相关规定与职工协商，在一个工资支付周期内的按照劳动合同规定的标准支付工资；超过一个工资支付周期的按有关规定发放生活费。
During the period of delayed resumption of work or no return to work affected by the epidemic, for the employees who cannot provide normal work or other normal work after all kinds of holidays, the enterprise shall consult with the employees according to the national regulations on wage payment during shutdown and shutdown, and pay the wages within one wage payment period, and the living expenses shall be paid according to the relevant provisions.
根据全国总工会办公厅下发的《关于做好新冠肺炎疫情防控期间支持企业安全有序复工复产和劳动关系协调工作的通知》（工发电〔2020〕4号），对于企业安排以灵活方式在家上班的职工，按照正常工作期间的工资收入支付工资。
According to the Notice on Supporting the Safe and orderly resumption of work and production and the Labor Relations Coordination of Enterprises during the COVID-19 Prevention and Control Period issued by the General Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (No.4,2020), employees of enterprises who work at home in a flexible way will be paid according to their salary income during the normal working period.
鼓励企业与职工树立同舟共济、共克时艰的理念，通过调整薪酬、轮岗轮休、缩短工时等方式稳定劳动关系，尽可能协商解决有关工资待遇问题。
Encourage enterprises and employees to establish the concept of working together in times of trouble, stabilize labor relations by adjusting salary, job rotation, and shortening working hours, and negotiate to solve relevant wages and treatment problems as far as possible.
4
租房篇
Renting-related Questions
Q1：因疫情防控影响，出租人或承租人是否可以解除房屋租赁合同？
Q1：Can the lessor or the lessee terminate the house lease contract due to the impact of the epidemic prevention and control?
A1：上海市高级人民法院在《关于涉新冠肺炎疫情案件法律适用问题的系列问答(二)》[2] (“《上海高院问答二》”)中表示：“新冠肺炎疫情被认定为突发公共卫生事件后，为保护人民群众身体健康和生命安全，政府及有关部门采取了相应疫情防控措施。对于因此不能履行合同或不能及时行使权利的，新冠肺炎疫情发生宜认定属于不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的不可抗力。”各级各地法院并未创设新的审查标准与角度，以明确界定新冠疫情及防疫措施的法律性质；而是要求裁判者根据实证法上关于不可抗力及情势变更适用条件的既有规范，在个案中具体判断新冠疫情及防疫措施造成的合同履行障碍，是否可适用不可抗力规定或情势变更原则。
A1：the Shanghai high people's court in the about COVID-19 outbreak series of legal questions (2) "[2] (" Shanghai high court q 2 ") said：" COVID-19 outbreak was identified as a public health emergency, to protect people's health and life safety, the government and relevant departments took corresponding epidemic prevention and control measures.For those who are unable to perform the contract or exercise their rights in a timely manner, the occurrence of the COVID-19 epidemic should be identified as an unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable force majeure."The courts at all levels do not create new review criteria and perspectives to clearly define the legal nature of COVID-19 and epidemic prevention measures; but require the judges to apply on the basis of the existing conditions on force majeure and situation change.
Q2：疫情发生后签订的房屋租赁合同，承租人可否以受疫情影响为由要求减免租金、延长租期或解除合同？
Q2：Can the lessee of the house lease contract be signed after the epidemic request to reduce the rent, extend the lease term or terminate the contract on the grounds that the lessee is affected by the epidemic?
A2：《最高院涉疫情指导意见二》第6条规定：“承租非国有房屋用于经营，疫情或者疫情防控措施导致承租人没有营业收入或者营业收入明显减少，继续按照原租赁合同支付租金对其明显不公平，承租人请求减免租金、延长租期或者延期支付租金的，人民法院可以引导当事人参照有关租金减免的政策进行调解；调解不成的，应当结合案件的实际情况，根据公平原则变更合同。”该规定即彰显了情势变更原则之内涵。
A2：Article 6 of the Supreme Court Guidance on the Epidemic II stipulates：" For the non-state-owned houses for operation, the epidemic or the epidemic prevention and control measures allow the lessee to pay the rent according to the original lease contract or extend the rent; If the mediation fails, the people's court shall change the contract according to the fairness principle according to the actual situation of the case."The regulation highlights the connotation of the principle of changing the situation.
《北京二中院建议》也指出：“虽然疫情防控对房屋租赁合同的履行造成一定影响，但该影响尚未达到令合同目的不能实现的程度，故此时承租人无权要求解除合同，但可援引情势变更或公平原则要求减免租金和违约责任。”
The Proposal of Beijing Second Intermediate People's Court also pointed out：" Although the epidemic prevention and control has a certain impact on the performance of the housing lease contract, the impact has not yet reached the extent of the purpose of the contract, so the lessee has no right to terminate the contract at this time, but can invoke the change of situation or fairness principle to ask for the reduction of rent and liability for breach of contract.”
Q3：疫情防控期间，特别是迟延复工期间，出租人是否有权以承租人未能按期交付租金为由解除权解除房屋租赁合同或要求承租人承担其他违约责任？
Q3：During the epidemic prevention and control period, especially during the delay in the resumption of work, does the lessor have the right to terminate the lease contract or require the lessee to assume other liabilities for breach of contract on the grounds that the lessee failed to pay the rent on contract?
A3：不可以。根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第590条之规定，因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但法律另有规定的除外。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不能免除责任。如承租人以无法回到承租的房屋通过网上银行操作或财务无法运转等是由进行抗辩，出租人要求承租人承担违约责任的事由责不能成立。
A3：cannot.In accordance with Article 590 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, if a contract is unable to perform due to force majeure, the liability shall be exempted in part or in whole according to the influence of the force majeure, except as otherwise provided by law.If force majeure occurs after the delay in performance, it shall not be exempted from liability.If the lessee cannot return to the leased house through online bank operation or finance is operated by the defense, the lessor requires the lessee to assume the liability for breach of contract cannot be established.
5
哄抬物价的法律责任篇
Legal Responsibility for Price Gouging
Q1：疫情防控期间，部分经营者趁机涨价，是否构成哄抬价格违法行为？
Q1：During the epidemic prevention and control period, some operators took the opportunity to raise prices. Is it an illegal act of price gouging?
A1：在疫情防控期间，部分经营者对人民群众维持基本生活所必需的粮油肉蛋菜奶等民生商品，与抗击疫情关系最为密切的口罩、抗病毒药品、消毒杀菌用品、相关医疗器械等防疫用品，以及生产上述商品所需的相关原辅材料等，趁机涨价，不仅严重扰乱了市场秩序，损害了消费者的合法权益，还制造或加剧了恐慌性需求，破坏社会秩序，严重影响疫情防控工作平稳开展。
A1：during the epidemic prevention and control, some operators for the people to maintain basic life necessary meat, eggs, milk and other commodities, and the outbreak of masks, antiviral drugs, sterilization, related medical equipment and epidemic prevention supplies, and produce the goods of related materials, etc., prices, not only seriously disturbed the market order, damage the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, also make or aggravate the panic demand, destroy social order, seriously affect the epidemic prevention and control work smoothly.
根据上海市市场监管局、上海市发展改革委发布的《关于疫情防控期间认定哄抬价格违法行为的指导意见》，经营者有下列情形之一的，构成《中华人民共和国价格法》第十四条规定的哄抬价格行为：（一）捏造、散布涨价信息，大幅度提高价格的；（二）生产成本或进货成本没有发生明显变化，以牟取暴利为目的，大幅度提高价格的；（三）在一些地区或行业率先大幅度提高价格的；（四）囤积居奇，导致商品供不应求而出现价格大幅度上涨的；（五）利用其他手段哄抬价格，推动商品价格过快、过高上涨的。
According to the Guidelines on the Identification of illegal price gouging during the Epidemic Prevention and Control Period issued by the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and the Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission, The business operator is under any of the following circumstances, The price gouging behavior as stipulated in article 14 of the Price Law of the People's Republic of China：(1) fabricating and spreading price increase information, Greatly raising the price; (2) The production cost or the purchase cost has not changed significantly, For the purpose of profiteering, Greatly raising the price; (3) Taking the lead in substantially raising prices in some regions or industries; (4) Hoasting and hoarding, Lead to a sharp rise in prices; (5) Booging prices by other means, Driving commodity prices up too fast and too high.
Q2：哄抬价格违法行为应当承担什么法律责任？
Q2：What legal responsibility should we bear for illegal price gouging?
A2：1、行政责任。依据《价格法》《价格违法行为行政处罚规定》等有关规定，对哄抬价格，推动商品价格过快、过高上涨的违法行为，由市场监管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，并处违法所得5倍以下的罚款；没有违法所得的，处5万元以上50万元以下的罚款，情节较重的处50万元以上300万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，责令停业整顿，或者吊销营业执照。
A2：1. Administrative responsibility.According to the relevant provisions of the Price Law and Administrative Punishment for Illegal Price Actions, the market supervision department shall order price gouging and excessive commodity prices to correct, confiscate the illegal gains and be fined 5 times the illegal gains, RMB 50,000 and RMB 500,000 and RMB 500,000 and RMB 3 million; if the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or the business license shall be revoked.
2. 刑事责任。根据最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部印发的《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》（法发〔2020〕7号），在疫情防控期间，违反国家有关市场经营、价格管理等规定，囤积居奇，哄抬疫情防控急需的口罩、护目镜、防护服、消毒液等防护用品、药品或者其他涉及民生的物品价格，牟取暴利，违法所得数额较大或者有其他严重情节，严重扰乱市场秩序的，以非法经营罪定罪处罚，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金；情节特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产。
2. Criminal responsibility.According to the Opinions on Punishing Laws and Crimes against the Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice (No.7,2020), During the epidemic prevention and control period, In violation of relevant state regulations on market operation and price administration, store up goods to make a good bargain, To bid up the price of masks, goggles, protective clothing, disinfectants and other protective equipment, drugs or other items related to people's livelihood urgently needed for epidemic prevention and control, make exorbitant profits, If the amount of illegal income is relatively large or if there are other serious circumstances, Seriously disturbing the market order, Convicted and punished for committing illegal business operation, To be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, He shall also, or shall only, be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal gains; The circumstances are particularly serious, To be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years, It shall also be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal gains or confiscate its property.
6
履行“不可抗力”的理解适用篇
Understanding of "force Majeure"
Q1：受疫情影响，很多合同无法正常履行，疫情能否认定为“不可抗力”，是否意味着合同都可以不履行了？
Q1：Due to the epidemic, many contracts cannot be fulfilled normally. Can the epidemic be identified as "force majeure"? Does it mean that all the contracts can not be fulfilled?
A1：《民法典》规定，不可抗力是不能预见、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。
A1：According to the Civil Code, force majeure is an unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable objective situation.
新冠肺炎疫情作为突发公共卫生事件，符合不可抗力的基本特征。2020年疫情期间，全国人大法工委表示，新冠肺炎疫情对于因此不能履行合同的当事人来说，属于不可抗力。
COVID-19, as a public health emergency, meets the basic characteristics of force majeure.During the outbreak in 2020, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress said that COVID-19 was a force majeure for parties who cannot fulfill their contracts.
《民法典》第五百九十条规定：“当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但是法律另有规定的除外“。因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并应当在合理期限内提供证明。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不免除其违约责任。”
Article 590 of the Civil Code stipulates："If one party is unable to perform the contract due to force majeure, it shall be exempted from liability in part or all according to the influence of force majeure, except as otherwise provided by law".If the other party cannot perform the contract due to force majeure, it shall notify the other party in time to mitigate the losses caused to the other party and provide proof within a reasonable time.If the force majeure occurs after the delay in performance, the party shall not be exempted from the liability for breach of contract.”
在具体理解和适用不可抗力时，需要注意以下几点：
When understanding and applying force majeure, the following points：
1.考虑因果关系和影响程度。虽然新冠肺炎疫情符合不可抗力的基本特征，但并不意味着疫情期间所有的合同都可以不履行了，在合同不能履行与疫情之间必须存在直接的因果关系；而且要结合案件具体情况，根据疫情对合同履行的影响程度，来认定是部分还是全部免除责任。此外，因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方当事人，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并在合理期限内提供证明，否则需要承担违约责任。如果当事人已经延迟履行之后，才发生不可抗力的，就不能以不可抗力为由主张免除违约责任。
1. Consider the causality and the degree of influence.Although COVID-19 meets the basic characteristics of force majeure, it does not mean that all contracts cannot be fulfilled during the outbreak, and a contract must be a direct causal relationship between the failure and the outbreak, and the extent of the epidemic on the performance of the contract.In addition, if the contract cannot perform the contract due to force majeure, the party shall notify the other party in time to reduce the possible losses caused to the other party and provide proof within a reasonable time, otherwise it shall be liable for breach of contract.If the force majeure occurs only after the parties delay their performance, it can not be exempted from the liability for breach of contract on the grounds of force majeure.
2.鼓励合同继续履行。对于疫情防控期间可以履行的合同，鼓励当事人按约继续履行；对于合同能够履行而拒绝履行的，应承担违约责任。对确因疫情影响，合同不能按约履行的，当事人可以协商变更合同，采取替代履行或者延迟履行等方式继续履行；如果不能替代履行或者延迟履行将导致合同目的无法实现的，当事人可以请求解除合同。
2. Encourage the continued performance of the contract.For the contract that can be performed during the epidemic prevention and control period, the parties are encouraged to continue to perform the contract, and shall be liable for breach of contract.If the contract cannot be performed due to the impact of the epidemic, the parties may change the contract through negotiation or delay. If the performance cannot be replaced or the performance will be delayed, the parties may request the termination of the contract.
3.注重利益平衡。对因疫情或者政府及其有关部门为应对疫情采取的防控措施影响，导致合同部分或者全部不能履行，或者继续履行对一方当事人的利益有重大影响的，应当依照公平、诚实信用等原则，结合案件具体情况，平衡好双方当事人的利益，合理分配各方的责任份额。
3. Focus on the balance of interests.For the outbreak or the government and its relevant departments to the epidemic prevention and control measures, lead to part or all of the contract, or continue to have a significant impact on the interests of the parties, shall be in accordance with the principle of fairness, honesty and credit, combined with the case, balance the interests of the parties, reasonable distribution of the responsibility of the parties.
4.倡导友好协商。疫情的发生是合同双方当事人都不愿看到的，也不能归咎于某一方的过错。在特殊时期，大家应当树立同舟共济、共渡难关的理念，倡导在平等自愿的基础上，本着诚实信用、责任共担的原则，通过友好协商，妥善解决矛盾分歧；对协商不成的，鼓励优先通过调解、仲裁等非诉讼途径解决。
4. Advocate friendly consultation.The outbreak is something that neither parties want to see, and it cannot be attributed to the fault of either party.In special period, we should establish the idea of overcoming difficulties together, and advocate, on the basis of equality and voluntary, and through friendly consultation, and to give priority to resolving disputes through non-litigation channels such as mediation and arbitration.
7
应急征用的依据与程序篇
Emergency Requisition and Procedure
Q1：政府及其部门是否有权征用宾馆等场所作为疫情防控的集中隔离和健康观察场所？
Q1：Do the government and its departments have the right to requisition hotels and other places as centralized quarantine and health observation sites for epidemic prevention and control?
A1：《民法典》《突发事件应对法》《传染病防治法》《上海市公共卫生应急管理条例》等法律法规规定，因疫情防控等紧急需要，依照法定权限和程序，可以征用组织、个人的不动产或者动产，包括应急所需的设施、设备、场地、交通工具和其他物资。《上海市公共卫生应急管理条例》还明确，区人民政府根据疫情防控要求，可以临时征用具备相关条件的宾馆等场所作为集中健康观察点。因此，政府及其部门为疫情防控需要临时征用宾馆等场所，具有明确的法律依据。
A1："civil code" emergency response law "the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases" the Shanghai public health emergency management regulations and other laws and regulations, because to the epidemic prevention and control and other emergency needs, in accordance with the legal authority and procedures, can requisition organization, personal real or personal property, including emergency required facilities, equipment, site, transportation and other supplies.The Shanghai Municipal Regulations on Public Health Emergency Management also stipulates that the district people's government can, in accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, temporarily requisition qualified hotels and other places as centralized health observation points.Therefore, the government and its departments need temporary requisition of hotels and other places for epidemic prevention and control, which has a clear legal basis.
Q2：实施应急征用应当履行什么程序？
Q2：What procedures should be performed in implementing emergency requisition?
A2：《上海市公共卫生应急管理条例》规定，实施应急征用时，应当向被征用的单位或者个人发出应急征用凭证，在使用完毕或者公共卫生事件应急处置工作结束后，依法予以返还、补偿。2020年6月，市政府办公厅印发了《上海市应对突发事件应急征用补偿实施办法》（沪府办规〔2020〕6号），对应急征用的程序作了进一步细化，包括应急征用凭证的开具及载明的内容、被征用单位或者个人的配合义务、被征用物资的管理与返还等。
A2：According to the Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management, the emergency requisition certificate shall be issued to the requisitioned units or individuals, and they shall be returned and compensated according to law after the use is completed or the emergency handling of public health incidents is completed.In June 2020, the general office of the municipal government issued the measures for the emergency requisition compensation in Shanghai (Shanghai FuBan rules [2020] no. 6), the emergency requisition procedures for further refinement, including emergency requisition certificate issued and specify the content of the requisition units or individuals, requisition material management and return, etc.
Q3：实施应急征用后应当如何补偿？
Q3：How should the compensation be made after the emergency requisition?
A3：《上海市应对突发事件应急征用补偿实施办法》（沪府办规〔2020〕6号）对补偿通知、补偿材料、补偿范围和标准、补偿认定、补偿方式、补偿拨付等内容作了明确规定。被征用单位或者个人自收到应急征用物资使用情况确认书或者补偿公告期限届满之日起6个月内，向实施应急征用单位提交补偿的相关书面材料；实施应急征用单位收到后，应当根据补偿范围和标准，会同同级财政部门对补偿金额予以审核，确定补偿方案。补偿方案经批准后，实施应急征用单位与被征用单位或者个人签订应急征用补偿协议，财政部门按照财政资金管理办法规定的程序，向被征用单位或者个人拨付补偿资金。
A3：The Implementation Measures of Shanghai Municipality on Compensation for Emergency Acquisition (No.6,2020) clearly stipulate the compensation notice, compensation materials, compensation scope and standards, compensation identification, compensation methods, compensation and allocation, etc.The requisition unit or individual shall, within 6 months from the expiration of the confirmation of the announcement of the emergency requisition; the emergency requisition unit shall examine the compensation amount together with the financial department at the same level and determine the compensation plan.After the approval of the compensation plan, the emergency requisition unit shall sign an emergency requisition compensation agreement with the unit or individual requisitioned, and the financial department shall allocate compensation funds to the unit or individual requisitioned in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the financial funds management measures.
Q4：应急征用发生争议该如何解决？
Q4：How to solve the dispute over emergency requisition?
A4：疫情防控是当前的头等大事，需要社会各方面的支持与配合。政府及其部门开展应急征用及补偿工作，应当注重对自然人、法人和非法人组织合法权益的保护，妥善做好场所清理、物品保管、安置补偿等工作。被征用单位或者个人应当积极配合，发生争议时，尽量通过协商方式解决；协商无法解决的，可以依法通过行政复议或者诉讼途径解决。
A4：Epidemic prevention and control is the top priority at present and needs support and cooperation from all sectors of society.In carrying out emergency requisition and compensation work, the government and its departments shall pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of natural persons, legal persons and non-legal person organizations, and properly clean up places, keep goods, settle and make compensation.The requisitioned unit or individual concerned shall actively cooperate, and shall preferably resolve the dispute through negotiation; If the dispute cannot be settled through consultation, it may be settled through administrative reconsideration or litigation according to law.
【END】
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